The cytoskeleton reduces the diffusional dimensionality of CD36 and promotes its aggregation and signaling
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We used single‐molecule imaging and single‐particle tracking to investigate the dynamic behavior of CD36, a receptor that mediates oxidized LDL (oxLDL) uptake by macrophages. Free (unliganded) receptors existed as metastable multimers that split and reformed spontaneously. A subpopulation of receptors ( ≈30%) moved in linear patterns radiating from the nucleus. Unexpectedly, the linear motion was not motor‐driven but reflected instead diffusion within a confined space delimited by trough‐like cytoskeletal structures. These were attributed to microtubule‐induced discontinuities in the cortical actin meshwork. The resulting reduction in diffusional dimensionality increased the probability for receptors to collide and aggregate into multimers. CD36 is activated and undergoes endocytosis when clustered by multivalent ligands like oxLDL. Disruption of the cytoskeletal organization reduced multimer formation and inhibited CD36‐mediated signaling and oxLDL internalization. These observations demonstrate that the cytoskeleton can control signal transduction by dictating the confinement of receptors within regions where their collision frequency is increased.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".