Isolation of fructose from high‐fructose corn syrup with calcium immobilized strong acid cation exchanger: Isotherms, kinetics, and fixed‐bed chromatography study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In this work, a separation strategy for fructose purification from high‐fructose corn syrup (HFCS) was established, involving two consecutive instances of chromatography with Ca2+‐immobilized cation exchanger XA 2004/22. Among the 14 calcium ion form of strong acid cation exchangers tested, cation exchanger XA 2004/22 displayed the best adsorption performances for fructose, with the adsorption ratio of fructose to glucose reaching 2.32 at 303 K. The static equilibrium adsorption data of fructose on Ca2+‐immobilized cation exchanger XA 2004/22 closely fitted the linear equation, and the adsorption kinetic followed the pseudo‐second order model. Close agreement between the theoretical curves and the experimental breakthrough data was observed using the Thomas and Yoon‐Nelson models. Under the optimized conditions, fructose was prepared at a purity of 0.924 g/g (92.4 mass %) and 0.243 g/g (24.3 mass %) yield by two‐step packed bed chromatography with Ca2+‐immobilized cation exchanger XA 2004/22. Further introducing one step of simple cooling crystallization gave crystalline fructose at 0.99 g/g (99 mass %) purity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".