Inhibition of tumor growth in a murine xenograft model by thalidomide
Bibliographic record
Abstract
20083 Background: Limitations in the treatment of recurrent disease in cervical carcinoma are for radiation therapy large tumor size and pelvic side wall involvement and for exenteration procedurde previous radiation therapy, bulky disease, and others. Alternative approaches including chemotherapy, chemo-radiation, radiation plus hyperthermia and others are accompanied by a failure rate of 50 to 80%. Recent research has shown that the antineoplastic effect of thalidomide (TD) is due to the inhibition of neo-angiogenesis, a decrease of TNF-a, blocking of nuclear factor κβ-kinase activity, stimulation of the IL-2 and downregulation of cell adhesion molecules. Here, we have studied the effect of TD on a cervical cancer cell line in a murine xenograft model. Methods: We injected 7 × 106 HELA cells s.c. into the dorsal skin of 6–8 week-old male nude mice (cd nu−/nu−; Charles River, Sulzfeld, Germany). The tumor diameter was measured with a caliber rule. The maximum and minimum diameters of the tumor were determined. Tumor volume (V) was calculated by the formula: V = a × b × b/2, where a represents the minimum and b the maximum tumor diameter. As soon as tumors reached a volume of 0.25 cm3 the mice were randomized into a treatment (n = 9) and a control group (n = 9). The mice in the treatment group received 14 daily injections of 300 mg/kg (i.p.) thalidomide for 14 days. Animals were housed under specific pathogen-free conditions. The experiments have been approved by the local animal welfare committee. Results: Thalidomide caused a clear delay in tumor growth. Already 7 days after onset of thalidomide therapy the mean tumor volume was smaller in the treated (0.24 ± 0.03 cm3) compared to the control mice (0.73 ± 0.15 cm3; mean ± standard error; p < 0.01). After 14 days of thalidomide treatment the mean tumor volumes were 0.37 ± 0.05 and 1.05 ± 0.19 cm3 in the treated and in the control mice, respectively (p < 0.01). However, after the end of the 14 days treatment period a new onset of tumor growth was observed. In conclusion, thalidomide delayed tumor growth but did not cause tumor remission. Conclusions: TD is effective in inhibition of tumor growth of a cervical cancer cell line in a mouse xenograft model and might be an alternative drug in patients with recurrent cervical carcinoma without any options for established standard therapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".