Development of 36” EmatScan® Crack Detection (CD) Tool
Bibliographic record
Abstract
TransCanada PipeLines has been performing periodic hydrostatic pressure tests of natural gas pipeline sections susceptible to stress corrosion cracking (SCC). In 1996, the Canadian National Energy Board (NEB) held a public inquiry into SCC and recommended that industry develop a reliable SCC In-Line Inspection (ILI) tool. This paper describes the TransCanada and PII Pipeline Solutions project to jointly develop a 36 inch (914 mm) diameter crack detection tool based on EMAT (Electro Magnetic Acoustic Transducer) technology. The EmatScan® CD tool is designed to operate in gas pipelines without a liquid couplant. The EmatScan® CD tool will detect and size longitudinally oriented external SCC features. In 2001, testing of the technology has shown that it can distinguish: • insignificant pipe wall features (stringers, laminations and inclusions) from SCC defects; • internal from external pipe wall features. Off-line tests were performed by pulling the tool through a series of pipe spools containing SCC and other pipe wall features. These pipe spools are from two sections of the TransCanada system where PII’s UltraScan® CD tool was run. This joint project to develop a new ILI tool began in early 1997, and will be completed in 2002.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".