Birthing in rural <scp>S</scp>outh <scp>A</scp>ustralia: The changing landscape over 20 years
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To map trends in the maternity service availability for rural women in South Australia and identify the frequency of women birthing outside of their region of residence. DESIGN: A retrospective review of birth location for rural South Australian women from 1991 to 2010. SETTING: Rural maternity units in South Australia. PARTICIPANTS: Birthing statistics from the Pregnancy Outcomes Statistics Unit in South Australia MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rural birth statistics, including place of birth in relation to place of residence and location of maternity units. RESULTS: Over 60% of maternity units across rural South Australia have closed since 1991. There has been a rise in the percentage of women birthing away from their usual region of residence, rising from 18% in 1991-1995 to 24% in 2006-2010. CONCLUSIONS: This study has revealed that almost one quarter of all women residing in rural South Australia relocate to another area to give birth. This is a significant concern for rural women and their families through the expectation of separation, and for the local health services who might now not have the facilities and skills to manage an unplanned maternity presentation. These concerns need to be considered and addressed in order to provide safe and effective care for child-bearing women regardless of location.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".