The Effects of Aerobic and Resistance Exercise Training on the Cardiometabolic Health of Adolescents with Obesity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Physical inactivity and obesity in adolescence are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although exercise is recommended for the management of obesity, we know little about which types of exercise training are the most effective in reducing excess body fat and improving CVD risk in obese adolescents. This dissertation examined the effects of aerobic training, resistance training and their combination on the cardiometabolic health (body composition, CVD risk markers, resting metabolic rate (RMR), and fitness) of obese adolescents who participated in the Healthy Eating Aerobic and Resistance Training in Youth (HEARTY) trial. After a 4-week supervised moderate-intensity exercise run-in period, 304 overweight and obese adolescents were randomized to 4 groups for 22 weeks: Aerobic training, Resistance training, Combined aerobic and resistance exercise training, or a non-exercising Control. All four groups received dietary counseling designed to promote healthy eating with a maximum daily energy deficit of 250 kcal. Participants were assessed at baseline and after 3 and 6 months. Body composition was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging. Blood tests for traditional and non-traditional CVD risk markers were measured after a 12-hour fast. RMR and cardiorespiratory fitness were assessed using indirect calorimetry at rest and during a maximal treadmill test respectively. Musculoskeletal fitness (muscular strength, endurance, flexibility) was assessed using eight repetition maximum tests (8-RM) on the leg press, chest press and upright row machines and using the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology- Canadian Physical Activity Fitness and Lifestyle Appraisal (CSEP-CPAFLA) tests for grip strength, push-ups, sit-ups, sit and reach and vertical jump. Decreases in percent body fat and abdominal fat were greatest in the combined training group. Although body weight, RMR and traditional CVD risk markers did not improve following the exercise intervention, the combined training group showed improvements in cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal fitness and some non-traditional CVD risk markers. Cumulatively, combined aerobic and resistance exercise training showed the greatest improvements in cardiometabolic health in overweight and obese adolescents. This thesis concludes with a knowledge translation article detailing the practical lessons learned from exercise interventions with obese youth with hopes of increasing adherence to future exercise programs and improving the overall health of children and adolescents with obesity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".