Evidence that protein requirements in healthy school‐age children are significantly underestimated in current recommendations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Protein (PRO) requirements in healthy school‐age children were determined by the indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) method. Seven, healthy children (6 ‐ 11 y) each randomly received a minimum of 6 graded PRO intakes (range= 0.1 ‐ 2.56 g/kg/d) to a total of 47 studies. The diets provided energy at 1.7 X REE and were made isocaloric using carbohydrates. PRO was given as an amino acid mixture based on egg protein pattern, except phenylalanine and tyrosine intakes, which were maintained constant across intakes. Oxidation of L‐[1‐ 13 C]‐phenylalanine to 13 CO 2 ( F 13 CO 2 ) was measured in breath samples at baseline and isotopic steady state. Linear regression crossover analysis identified a breakpoint (requirement) at minimal F 13 CO 2 in response to different PRO intakes. Figure 1. Phenylalanine oxidation ( F 13 CO 2 , µmol/kg/hr) in response to graded protein intakes The mean and population‐safe PRO requirements were determined to be 1.35 and 1.6 g/kg/d, respectively (Figure 1). These results are significantly higher than the mean and population‐safe PRO requirements of 0.76 and 0.95 g/kg/d, respectively, currently recommended by the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI 2005) for macronutrients. This study is the first to directly estimate protein requirements in children using stable isotopes and indicates that the current recommendations are severely underestimated. (CIHR supported)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.022 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".