Bibliographic record
Abstract
The term “out of hospital birth” was coined in the twentieth century. Before 1900 it was the exception rather than the rule to give birth at a hospital. At this time fewer than 5% of all births took place at a hospital, increasing to almost 50% in 1940, and 99% in the 1970s. Several studies have demonstrated that planned home birth attended by appropriately qualified caregivers is safe. However, for this to be true, there should be no significant difference in morbidity and mortality when compared to standard hospital delivery. A healthy woman without contraindications (see below) has a low risk, both for herself and for the newborn infant. Midwives and/or obstetricians should discuss the advantages and possible risks of home birth with the expecting parents. Outcome: the perinatal mortality of “intended home birth” in the USA, Canada, UK and Australia (studies from 1969 to 1996) ranges between 0.9/1000 and 5.1/1000. Important factors influencing the mortality rate of the newborn Underestimation of the risks associated with post-term birth Twin pregnancy Breech presentation Lack of response to fetal distress ! It is important to differentiate a “ planned home birth ” (with the presence of a skilled attendant, e.g., midwife) from an “ unplanned home birth ,” which can rapidly turn into an emergency situation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.048 | 0.010 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".