Left Ventricle Hypertrophy is Common in Patients with Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy-Related Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Is Independently Associated with Long-Term Mortality.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: A post-hoc analysis of the PROGRESS trial suggested that long-term anti-hypertensive therapy prevents intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in patients with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). However, the burden of underlying hypertension in patients with CAA is unclear, and it is also unclear whether this hypertensive burden contributes to long-term outcome in survivors of CAA-related ICH. Left ventricle (LV) hypertrophy is a measure of the chronicity and severity of hypertension and could be used to assess hypertensive end-organ damage in patients with CAA. Objective: To test the hypothesis that LV hypertrophy is common in patients with CAA-related ICH and is associated with increased long-term mortality and shorter survival in those patients. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected cohort of consecutive patients with primary ICH presenting to a single academic center. We included patients presenting between January/2000 to December/2010, age > 55 years, who received a transthoracic echocardiogram (echo) during follow-up and were diagnosed with definitive, probable or possible CAA according to the Boston criteria. LV mass index (10g/m2) was calculated according to Penn convention. Ninety-day survivors were followed prospectively for long-term mortality or censoring at January/2012. Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify predictors of mortality as time-dependent variables adjusting for potential confounders. Results: Among 211 patients who met inclusion criteria, the mean time to follow-up was 4.28 ± 2.7 years; the median time to echocardiogram was 3 days (IQR:49). The mean age was 75.7 ± 9.1 years; 103 (49%) were male. LV hypertrophy was present in 55 (31.8%) patients and 152 (72%) patients survived more than 90 days. In multivariate analysis, after adjusting for baseline characteristics, LV mass index (10g/m2) was associated with higher long-term mortality (HR: 1.20; 95%CI: 1.01-1.4; p=0.039). On Cox-regression, LV hypertrophy was independently associated with shorter long-term survival (HR 1.91; 95%CI 1.05-3.47; p=0.034). Conclusions: LV hypertrophy is common in patients with CAA-related ICH and is associated with increased risk of subsequent mortality among 90-day survivors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".