Retrospective Review of Gonococcal and Chlamydial Cases of Epididymitis in two Canadian STI Clinics, 2004–2014
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background. Two-thirds of epididymitis among men under 35 years of age are related to sexually transmitted infections (STI). No Canadian data exist on the treatment and outcomes of gonococcal (GC) and chlamydial (CT) infections complicated by epididymitis. Our study sought to examine cases of epididymitis in attendees at two Canadian STI Clinics. Methods. GC and CT epididymitis cases reported by the Calgary and Edmonton STI Clinics from 1 January 2004 to 30 September 2014 were reviewed. The diagnosis of epididymitis was based on the presence of epididymal swelling and tenderness and/or testicular tenderness. Improved disposition was defined as no worsening of symptoms at the follow-up visit. Treatment failures were defined as those with persistent symptoms requiring additional treatment and no sexual contact between the start of treatment and follow-up visit. Descriptive analysis was completed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 19.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY). Ethics approval was obtained from the University of Alberta's Health Research Ethics Board. Results. Fifty-seven cases of epididymitis were reviewed. The median age was 26 years (IQR: 22-31). The majority of cases were Caucasian (68.4%; n = 39) and heterosexual (71.9%; n = 41). A total of 73.7% (n = 42) of cases were diagnosed with CT alone, 15.8% (n = 9) with GC alone and 10.5% (n = 6) of cases were co-infected with GC and CT. Three (5.6%) cases were also HIV positive. Most of the cases (57.9%; n = 33) were treated with ceftriaxone 250 mg IM and doxycycline 100 mg bid for 14 days or ciprofloxacin 500 mg single dose and doxycycline 100 mg bid for 14 days (17.5%; n = 10). Thirty-five (61.4%) cases returned for follow-up, of which 10 cases (28.6%) had not improved and 4 of these were due to re-exposure. Six cases failed initial treatment; 3 were not treated as per treatment guidelines while 3 were treated as per treatment guidelines. Conclusion. Epididymitis was an infrequent presenting complication of gonorrhea and chlamydia over a 10-year period in two Canadian STI Clinics. The majority responded to treatment as per guidelines with 6 treatment failures reported but only 3 among those cases were treated according to guidelines. Disclosures. All authors: No reported disclosures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.008 | 0.010 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".