Manganese removal by hydrogen peroxide and biofiltration
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Biofiltration has gained more attention as an alternative filtration for the removal of manganese (Mn) in both groundwater and surface water. This study investigated the potential of biofiltration as pretreatment at the Bennery Lake Water Treatment Plant located in Halifax, Nova Scotia, for the removal of manganese and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from pH 6 natural lake water. A bench-scale study identified the effect of oxidant enhancement with hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), nutrient enhancement with phosphorus (P) and medium type (granular activated carbon (GAC) and anthracite) on a biofiltration system. Addition of both the nutrient, phosphorus (300–500 µg/l), and the oxidant, hydrogen peroxide (0·5 mg/l) enhanced the biofiltration performance, achieving 98% manganese removal and 27% (1·3 mg/l) DOC removal. Overall, the medium was not a significant factor for manganese removal, while GAC removed significantly more DOC than anthracite, although further treatment would be required for either medium to achieve lower DOC concentrations. These results show direct biofiltration of surface water at pH 6 can remove manganese below the 50 µg/l aesthetic guideline from a manganese loading of over 1 mg/l. This work highlights a potential mechanism and implication of biological roughing filtration technique for the removal of manganese and DOC from natural surface water.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".