Degradation and Electronic Confinement in Exfoliated Black Phosphorus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Thin layers of black phosphorus have recently raised interest for their two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting properties, such as tunable bandgap with layer thickness and high carrier mobilities. This lamellar crystal of P atoms can be exfoliated down to monolayer 2D-phosphane (also called phosphorene) using procedures similar to that for monolayer graphene. The devices are however challenging to fabricate due to fast degradation of the thin layers upon exposure to light in air. We investigated this degradation process using in-situ Raman and transmission electron spectroscopies and reported on a thickness dependent reactivity of the layers. Moreover, the degradation process was identified to be due to an ubiquitous photo-induced oxidation of the layers by adsorbed oxygen in water. Optimum experimental conditions to prepare n-layer 2D-phosphane in their pristine states were applied to determine the Raman signatures of degradation. Here, we report on the kinetics of the photo-oxidation and provide sigantures in the Raman spectra that could be used to assess the crystal quality.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".