Sex Differences in Clinical Features of Early, Treated Parkinson Disease (P3.077)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical features of men and women with early treated Parkinson Disease (PD) enrolled in a large-scale ongoing clinical trial. BACKGROUND: Sex differences in disease risk, clinical manifestations, and prognosis have been documented in several neurological disorders. Whereas there is consensus regarding differential risk of developing PD, there is conflicting literature regarding sex differences in symptom onset and clinical manifestations. DESIGN/METHODS: We analyzed baseline data from the NIH Exploratory Trials in PD Longitudinal Study-1, a randomized, multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 10 grams oral creatine/day in individuals within 5 years of PD diagnosis, treated with dopaminergic therapy for fewer than two years. We compared mean age at symptom onset, age at PD diagnosis, and age at enrollment between men and women using t-test statistics. We evaluated sex differences with respect to: motor symptoms at diagnosis and motor symptoms, non-motor symptoms and daily functioning at randomization. We compared the mean summed ranks of the outcomes between men and women using a non-parametric global statistical test (GST). RESULTS: Data from 1,741 subjects were analyzed (male n=1123, 62.5%). There were no sex differences detected in age at PD symptom onset, PD diagnosis, or trial enrollment. There were also no sex differences detected in the demonstration of any of four cardinal features of PD (resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability), motor symptom severity at the time of diagnosis or randomization, or daily measures of functioning. Differences in non-motor symptoms were evident (F(1, 1721)=10.73, p=0.0011). CONCLUSIONS: We did not observe sex differences in demographic, motor, or daily functioning symptoms in LS-1 participants with early, treated PD. However, the presence of differences in non-motor symptoms suggests further research is warranted to evaluate the influences of sex on the progression of non-motor symptoms in mid- and late-stage PD. Study Supported by: NINDS (U01NS043127, U01NS043128, U10NS44415)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".