Conditional expression of central respiratory rhythm in developing fat‐tailed dunnarts <i>(Marsupialia: Sminthopsis crassicaudata)</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Marsupials offer unparalleled opportunities for developmental studies as the young are born small and immature, with most development occurring in the pouch where the young are readily accessible. The fat‐tailed dunnart gives birth to one of the smallest newborns of any mammal (~4mm long, weighing 13‐15mg). Newborn dunnarts do not typically breathe until 3‐4 days postnatal (P), achieving gas exchange largely across the skin (Mortola et al., Nature , 1999). Currently, little is known about the development of respiratory rhythmogenesis in this species. We examined central respiratory rhythm in neonatal dunnarts from the day of birth up to 3 weeks of age (206‐261mg) using the in vitro brainstem‐spinal cord preparation. Under normocapnic conditions (5% CO 2 /95% O 2 , pH 7.4), fictive breathing was present at P0 and frequency increased with development until about P12. In P0 preparations, under normocapnia, fictive respiratory bursts occurred in episodes but became regular with increased drive (8% CO 2 , pH 7.2). In P5 and older preparations, under normocapnia, breathing was regular and fictive respiratory frequency correlated with the level of drive at all ages. These data indicate that dunnarts on the day of birth are capable of generating central respiratory rhythm even though expression of the rhythm does not occur for several days. (Supported by NSERC of Canada).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".