Radial Shockwave Therapy Improves Pain, Range of Motion, Strength, and Function in Patients with Chronic Lateral Epicondylitis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: Lateral epicondylitis (LE) is characterized by inflammation and later degenerative angiogenetic changes of the wrist extensors. The optimal treatment of LE remains elusive with contradictory findings reported. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of radial shockwave therapy (RSWT) on function, range of motion (ROM), strength, and pain in patients with chronic LE. Methods: Functional status using the Upper Extremity Functional Scale (UEFS), ROM, strength, and pain was measured with the P4 Scale and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) before and 3 months post-treatment. Twenty-eight subjects received 3 treatments (2000 shockwaves, 2.5 bars, 10-15 Hz, 11.5 Mp) on the painful elbow. A Wilcoxen Signed Rank Test and Dependent t-Test was used to analyze the data. Results: There was no significant improvement in VAS pain score at rest (p=.142) and in grip strength (p=.319). There was statistically significant improvement in VAS scores for pain after activity (p=.0001) and overall improvement in pain (p=.0001); P4 Scale scores (p=.0001); UEFS scores (p=.0001); elbow flexor (p=.014) and extensor (p=.008) ROM; elbow flexor, extensor, supinator, and pronator strength (p=.008); and wrist flexor, extensor, radial deviator, and ulnar deviator strength (p=.003). There was no statistically significant improvement in ROM for all other elbow and wrist movements. Conclusions: The use of RSWT is an alternative and effective treatment option for patients diagnosed with chronic LE. This intervention resulted in a reduction in elbow pain and an improvement in function, ROM, and strength in the elbow and wrist.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".