Surgical Treatment of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There are only limited treatment options for patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension in Canada. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a case-series study to assess the effectiveness of surgical endarterectomy of the pulmonary artery. DESIGN AND SETTING: Twenty-one patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension were admitted for surgery between July 1995 and October 1999. Clinical, laboratory and radiological data were collected for all patients who then underwent pulmonary thromboendarterectomy. MAIN RESULTS: Thirteen men and eight women between 22 and 71 years of age underwent surgery. The main presenting complaint was dyspnea on exertion. Pulmonary vascular resistance ranged from 382 to 1694 dynes s cm-5 with a mean of 765+/-372 dynes s cm-5 (normal is less than 180 dynes s cm-5) with a mean cardiac index of 2.2+/-0.9 L/min/m2. Two patients had concomitant tricuspid valve replacement and one patient had coronary bypass grafting. In three cases, the surgery involved a repeat sternotomy. After surgery, there was a significant drop in the pulmonary vascular resistance (208+/-92 dynes s cm-5, P<0.05) and a concomitant rise in the cardiac index to a mean of 3.1+/-0.6 L/min/m2 (P<0.05). There was one death in a patient who also had severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Of the remaining patients, all but two showed significant clinical improvement. Spiral computed tomography postsurgery demonstrated improvement in pulmonary perfusion with either complete clearing or significant improvement in the mosaic perfusion pattern. Right ventricular function and pressure on echocardiogram improved in all but two patients. CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy provides effective treatment for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".