Daily Chickpea and Oligosaccharide Consumption on Gastrointestinal Symptoms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Galactosides (e.g. raffinose) in pulses, such as chickpeas (CP), are generally thought to be gas forming, contributing to unpleasant gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. In this study, we determined the effects CP, added to soups and desserts, or raffinose (R) consumption on GI symptoms. Healthy adults (n=12) consumed a control diet (C), C plus 5 g R, and C plus 200 g of canned CP (11 g fibre) per day, in random order, each for 3 weeks. Macronutrient provision was similar for all diets. GI symptoms were recorded daily. No significant differences in bowel movements were found (C: 1.5±0.7; R: 1.7±0.7; CP: 1.7±0.8 stools/d). Flatulence was greater on the CP diet (C: 0.41±0.38; R: 0.42±0.38; CP: 0.61±0.42 /d; p=0.04), but no differences were found for bloating or abdominal pain (p>0.05). No diarrhea was noted. Most participants experienced no appreciable symptoms with CP or R, which provided approximately ten times the galactosides of CP. Excellent compliance was evident across diets. Therefore, avoidance of pulses because of GI effects may be unnecessary. The galactosides present in canned CP are too low to contribute significantly to the flatulence noted in this study. The direct addition of CP to foods offers a practical, economical and acceptable way of meeting recommendations for fibre and pulse consumption. (Supported by Saskatchewan Pulse Growers and Pulse Canada)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".