Characterization of Neuronal Intermediate Filament Protein Expression in Cervical Spinal Motor Neurons in Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Because transgenic mice expressing an altered stoichiometry of neurofilament proteins develop a motor neuron degeneration associated with neurofilamentous aggregate formation similar to that found in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we studied the expression of intermediate filament proteins in sporadic ALS. Archival cervical spinal cord paraffin-embedded sections from 11 disease and 11 control cases were studied by either in situ hybridization using 35S-labeled riboprobes or immunohistochemically using specific antibodies for the individual neurofilament subunit proteins, alpha-internexin, nestin, peripherin, vimentin, beta-actin, or Talpha1-tubulin. Median NFL, alpha-internexin, and peripherin steady-state mRNA levels were significantly reduced in the lateral motor neuron cell column (p < 0.05) of ALS cases, while neither NFM nor NFH mRNA levels were altered. ALS cases demonstrated an elevation of beta-actin mRNA levels (p < 0.01) with no increase in Talpha1-tubulin mRNA levels. No motor neuronal expression of nestin or vimentin was observed. Ubiquitin-immunoreactive perikaryal aggregates were immunoreactive for NFH or beta-actin, but not for peripherin, alpha-internexin, vimentin, or nestin. In contrast, neuroaxonal spheroids were strongly immunoreactive for NFH and peripherin, but not for beta-actin, alpha-internexin, vimentin, or nestin. These findings suggest that the stoichiometry of cytoskeletal protein expression in ALS spinal motor neurons is significantly altered in a pattern conducive to the formation of neurofilamentous aggregates.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".