Role of nicotinic receptors on carotid body function in developing rats.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Acetylcholine is an excitatory neurotransmitter in adult carotid body playing a significant role in the ventilatory response to hypoxia. We used epibatidine (Epi, 5μg/Kg i.p) as agonist and hexamethonium (Hexa, 1mg/kg i.p) as antagonist of peripheral nicotinic receptors to determine the function of nicotinic receptors in developing rats. Breathing frequency (Fr), tidal volume (VT) and minute ventilation (VE) were measured using whole body plethysmography in normoxia (21%O 2 ) and in response to hypoxia (20 min‐12%O 2 ) in rat pups at 1, 4, 7, 12 and 21 postnatal days before and after a single injection of Epi or Hexa. In normoxia, Epi increased significantly Fr by 4%, 21%, 30%, 40%, and 43% for P1, P4, P7, P12 and P21 respectively, p for age<0.001. In hypoxia, Epi increased Fr by 15% for P4 and 30% for P12 while Hexa decreased Fr by 13% and 31% respectively, p for age<0.01. We conclude that the functional expression of cholinergic nicotinic receptor on hypoxic ventilatory response is age‐dependent, thus presumably playing a significant role in the maturation of the carotid body response to hypoxia. Founded PF‐RSR, IRSC and Sick Kids Foundation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".