Investigation on Preparation of Mesophase Pitch by the Cocarbonization of Naphthenic Pitch and Polystyrene
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two modified pitches with softening points of 70 °C (LPA) and 110 °C (HPA) produced from modification of naphthenic vacuum residue were cocarbonized with polystyrene (PS), respectively, and the mesophase pitches were obtained. The effects of reaction time, PS addition, pressure, and properties of raw materials on cocarbonization behavior were analyzed by H/C, quinoline insoluble content (QI), carbon residue value, density, polarized optical images, X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) analysis. Comparing with HPA, the cocarbonization process showed more suitable for LPA to prepare the mesophase pitch due to the favorable occurrence of radical chain transfer reactions between LPA and PS components which contributed to the existence of aliphatic side-chains and naphthenic structures in mesogens as well as the formation of a well-developed mesophase pitch. Mesophase pitch with larger domains optical texture and better crystal structure was obtained from cocarbonization with 5 wt % PS under the optimal conditions of 410 °C, 6 h, and 6 MPa.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".