Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the final analysis, it is the morphology of the trace as an expression of animal behaviour that is the basis of the name. Richard Bromley Trace Fossils: Biology, Taphonomy and Applications (1996) As ichnologists we must admit that the introduction and discussion of different ichnotaxonomic philosophies reminds us of the inherent subjectivity in any scientific endeavor. Ostensibly the ICZN should constrain such subjective interpretation and bring order to the field. In practice this is difficult, and a certain degree of chaos and ambiguity still reigns. Nonetheless the science progresses, and names, however reliable or controversial, are used for descriptions and dialog between ichnologists. Martin Lockley “A tale of two ichnologies: the different goal and potential of invertebrate and vertebrate (Tetrapod) ichnotaxonomy and how they relate to ichnofacies analysis” (2007) Although it is not uncommon to find expressions of doubt about the need to use a formal taxonomy to classify trace fossils, ichnotaxonomic classification is an unavoidable companion to preservational and ethological schemes. If a formal name is available, simple descriptors (e.g. vertical burrows and meniscate traces) should be avoided. The ichnotaxonomic classification, albeit imperfect, provides the best common ground on which to base more theoretical elaborations and practical applications (Buatois et al ., 2002a). In any case, in modern ichnology contrasting philosophical perspectives have been adopted to classify trace fossils. However, exchange of ideas during and after the 1998, 2002, 2006, and 2010. Workshops on Ichnotaxonomy have resulted in a growing consensus among practicing ichnologists (Bertling et al ., 2006). In this chapter, we turn our attention into the theoretical and practical aspects involved in classifying trace fossils from a taxonomic standpoint. We first address some philosophical problems involved in this approach. Then, we focus on a detailed review of the different ichnotaxobases currently in use and the problems associated with compound and composite trace fossils. Subsequent to that, we move on to some recent ideas and proposals with respect to the uses of hierarchies in trace-fossil taxonomy and the peculiarities of vertebrate ichnotaxonomy. Finally, we review some practical aspects involved in the recognition of trace fossils in both outcrops and cores.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.011 | 0.009 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.009 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".