Serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D as a determinant of multiple sclerosis outcome following a pediatric demyelinating event
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Overview Vitamin D has been implicated in risk of autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS). Children presenting with initial acquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS) are at high risk of subsequent MS diagnosis and thus, provide an opportunity to explore vitamin D as a determinant of MS risk. Objective We sought to determine whether serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] at pediatric ADS presentation is predictive of subsequent MS diagnosis. Methods Incident ADS cases were enrolled in a national pediatric prospective study. Serum collected at baseline was analyzed for 25(OH)D. MS was defined as a relapse confirmed on clinical exam. Results Of the 137 children enrolled, 21 (15%) were diagnosed with MS after a mean of 9.5 ± 7.6 mos (±SD). Serum 25(OH)D at ADS presentation was lower in children diagnosed with MS (45.8 ± 20.4 nmol/L) versus those remaining free of relapses to date (62.6 ± 29.3 nmol/L; p = 0.003). Quartiles of serum 25(OH)D at presentation strongly predicted subsequent risk of MS diagnosis: 27% of children in the lowest serum 25(OH)D quartile (=35.7 nmol/L) developed MS, compared with only 6% of the children in the highest quartile (= 77.9 nmol/L; trend p = 0.012). Conclusion Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that vitamin D is protective against autoimmune disease. These findings justify clinical trials involving intervention with vitamin D as a means to prevent MS. Grant Funding Source Multiple Sclerosis Scientific Research Foundation, Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada, Canadian Institutes of Health Research
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".