Reliability of sight distance at stop-control intersections
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials presents guidelines for intersection sight distance (ISD) based on extreme values of the component design variables such as speed and time gap. The guidelines for a stopped vehicle at a stop-control intersection on a minor road assume that the component design variables are deterministic. This paper presents a reliability method that considers the design variables as random. The method uses the means and variances of the probability distributions of the random variables and accounts for their correlations. A safety margin is defined as the difference between available and required ISD. Relationships for the mean and standard deviation of the safety margin are developed based on first-order second-moment analysis. The proposed method is useful for ISD design of a new intersection or redesign of an existing intersection for a desired reliability level. For single-unit trucks, the obstruction clearances from the minor- and major-road pavement edges are approximately 10% higher than those for passenger cars. The proposed method should be of interest to highway engineers involved in road safety and management.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.024 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".