Abstract P056: Fructose Intake May Decrease Diastolic and Mean Arterial Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Controlled Feeding Trials
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Concerns have been raised about the adverse effect of fructose on blood pressure. International dietary guidelines for the prevention of hypertension, however, have not addressed fructose intake directly. Purpose: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effect of fructose in isocaloric exchange for other carbohydrate on systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP). Hypothesis: We hypothesized fructose intake in isocaloric and hypercaloric exchange for other carbohydrate sources would not have a significant effect on SBP, DBP, and MAP. Methods: Studies were identified using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases (through September 29 2011). Human clinical trials that investigated isocaloric oral fructose exchange for other carbohydrate sources for at least 7 days were included in the analysis. A generic inverse variance method using random effects weighting was used to pool data. Pooled data were expressed as mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals. Heterogeneity was assessed by the Q statistic and quantified by I2. Study quality was assessed using the Heyland Methodological Quality Score (MQS). Results: Thirteen isocaloric (n= 325 participants) and two hypercaloric (n= 24) trials met the eligibility criteria. Overall, fructose intake in isocaloric exchange for other carbohydrate decreased DBP (MD=−1.40 [95% CI: −2.69, −0.10]) and MAP (MD= −1.16 [95% CI: −2.11, −0.20]). There was no significant effect of fructose on SBP (MD= −1.05 [95% CI: −2.46, 0.36]). However, subgroup analyses revealed potentially important heterogeneous findings. In a priori subgroups, fructose format (fluid) was a significant modifier of the SBP effect. The effects of both DBP and MAP were modified by aspects of study design (non-randomization, parallel design) and study quality (MQS <8). Furthermore, the DBP effect was modified under conditions of follow-up >4weeks and MAP by carbohydrate comparator (high fructose corn syrup). The two hypercaloric fructose feeding trials found no significant MAP effect of fructose in comparison to other carbohydrate. Limitations: A small number of isocaloric trials and two hypercaloric trials were included, limiting the strength of the conclusion. Conclusion: Contrary to previous concerns, we found isocaloric substitution of fructose for other carbohydrate did not adversely affect SBP, DBP, or MAP in humans. Further larger and longer trials are needed to confirm results.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.018 | 0.051 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.017 | 0.033 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".