Ecology of Tigriopus californicus (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) in Barkley Sound, British Columbia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The thesis addresses several aspects of the habitat characters and population attributes of the splashpool copepod, Tigriopus californicus (Baker) in Barkley Sound, British Columbia. Overall, 90.1% of pools containing T. californicus were found at 3.0 to 5.0 m above lowest normal tide, with an average surface area-to-volume ratio of 7.06. Copepod habitation was found at water temperatures of 6 to 33°C; salinities of less than 1 to 139%; hydrogen ion concentrations (pH) of 6.1 to 9.5; and oxygen levels of 1.1 to 13.7 mg L1. Vegetation and sediment were sparse in T. californicus pools (15.79 ± 10.6% cover in 9.4 ± 11.1 % of pools, mean ± s.E.); with the most common macroalgae including Enteromorpha compressa, Scytosiphon lomentaria and its Ralfsia-lilce alternate phase. Incidental invertebrates and vertebrates that may act as potential agents of dispersal for T. californicus and its congeners are also listed and discussed relative to the world-wide biogeography of the genus. In an analysis of the copepod’s association with chlorophytic macroalgae, pools and laboratory microcosms containing the alga Cladophora trichotoma retained fewer surviving T. calfomicus (18.6 ± 7.3%) compared to treatments containing E. compressa (93.8 ± 5.4%) or without vegetation (95.6 ± 0.1%); the susceptibility of mature T. californicus to a possible crustacean deterrent produced by C. trichotoma may preclude the establishment of copepod populations. In a second experiment, apparently dead Tigriopus cahfornicus were enlivened following re-hydration with either fresh or sea water, with gravid females and adult males demonstrating the greatest response (10.7 ± 8.5% recovery overall). Development and body length were also compared under conditions representative of in situ summer (18 - 20°C; 30 - 32% salinity) or winter (10 - 15°C; 20 - 25% salinity) conditions. Total generation time (egg to adult) was 21 days under summer conditions, and 30 days under winter conditions, though no net difference in body length was observed. Clutch size was 20 ± 4.2 eggs at 10- 15°C and 26 ± 8.1 eggs at 18 - 20°C for females in culture; field specimens had a mean clutch size of 23 ± 6.5 eggs in winter (January), increasing to 37 ± 10.2 eggs • clutch⁻¹ in summer (July and August). Population density ranged from 217 ± 401.7 individuals • L⁻¹ in winter to 835 ± 1750.6 individuals • L⁻¹ in summer, exceeding 20,000 individuals L⁻¹ in some pools. A synthesis of these results with previous studies is provided, including suggested parameters for estimating population flux.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".