hGLUT9 as a novel urate transporter: its role in liver urate handling and functional study of <i>SLC2A9</i> SNPs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In humans, urate is the final product of purine breakdown in the liver which releases urate into the circulation and the intestine and kidney regulate its excretion. Humans have a high circulating level of urate and small deviations are associated with a variety of metabolic diseases. A genome‐wide association scan correlated SNPs within the SLC2A9 gene, for the hexose transporter GLUT9, with hyperuricemia. This resulted in the identification of this protein as a high capacity urate transporter, which can exchange intracellular urate for extracellular glucose (1). Urate is an organic anion and voltage clamp experiments with GLUT9 expressed in Xenopus oocytes showed that its transport is electrogenic. Immunohistochemistry showed that all of the GLUT9 SNP mutants were expressed in the oocyte plasma membrane and flux studies indicate that all are functional. GLUT9 is expressed in the hepatocyte basolateral membrane and these data support the hypothesis that GLUT9 mediates the efflux of urate down its electrical gradient. Further, in the absence of direct functional effects of the SNPs, it appears that more complex effects of these mutations, perhaps on cytoskeletal interactions or yet to be identified regulatory mechanisms, affect the activity of GLUT9. 1. Mark J. Caulfield, et al (2008) SLC2A9 is a high capacity urate transporter in man. PLoS Medicine 5(10):e197. Supported by the Canadian Breast Cancer Foundation.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".