Fatigue Behaviour of Lead-Free Solder Interconnections in Life Prediction of Trilayer Structures Subjected to Thermal Cycling
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Trilayer structures such as flip chip plastic ball grid array (FC-PBGA) packages are bodies made of a large variety of dissimilar materials. Due to the coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatches between and temperature gradients within the layers, thermally induced interaction becomes a typical type of the loads for the joint layer made of lead-free solder joint interconnections. Thermal stresses and strains at the interfaces of solder joints and neighboring adhesive layers are the cause for solder joint fatigue failures, which account for the most common package failures. The current study puts forward a fatigue life prediction method for a trilayer structure using the critical plane-energy fatigue damage parameter in combination with the modified Coffin-Manson life model. The proposed method of calculated fatigue damage parameter for the samples of study, along with their experimental life (Nf50%) under two different thermal conditions is presented. The values of life in (0–100°C) condition and (25–125°C) with the same temperature ramp rate and dwell conditions are found to differ by a factor of 1.3 where the structures tested under (0–100°C) condition show lower lives. The present study further correlated the fatigue damage parameters with the Coffin-Manson type equation to calculate/predict the fatigue life of structures under (25–125°C) condition. The results of the Nf50 fatigue life prediction versus the experimental cycles show that the predicted lives of samples with SAC305 solder joints fall apart with a factor ranging from (1.24)∼(−1.45). The advantage of the proposed method in comparison with the existing methods in life prediction of the trilayer structure with solder alloy is that there are no empirical parameters involved in energy-critical plane damage parameter in life prediction of the trilayer structure. Parameters within the proposed approach purely involves mechanical and fatigue properties of the midlayer alloy.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".