CPT-induced change of lateral earth pressure in modeling test
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The main objective of this study is to investigate systematically the lateral earth pressure induced by the cone penetration test (CPT) conducted at various distances from the rigid container wall. A series of centrifuge CPTs were performed in dry Ottawa sand using two miniature penetrometers with diameters of 4 and 12 mm. The CPT locations varied from 2 to 42 times the cone diameter. The change of lateral earth pressure was measured using tactile pressure sensors. Results from this study have shown that the lateral earth pressure change was mainly associated with the initial relative density of soil, the distance away from the testing location and the diameter of the cone penetrometer. The change of lateral pressure can be as large as 150–200 kPa at a distance of 2–4 times the diameter of the CPT. The effect of initial soil relative density on the change of lateral earth pressure was greater when using the 4 mm CPT than the 12 mm CPT. Some residual lateral pressure was observed after completion of the CPT in dense sand tests.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".