New Approach In Lifting Cement In Highly Depleted And Naturally Fractured Formations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Lost circulation is a continual problem associated while drilling and cementing during well construction. The failure to provide adequate cement coverage over loss zones can result in costly remediation and/or fines from regulatory agencies. Traditional losses prior to, or during, cement operations are addressed by loss circulation material (LCM) laden pills pumped ahead of the cement treatment as sweeps or spacers. The LCM pills are limited in volume to the size of the mixing tank and can be an insufficient volume compared to the thief zones. The high concentration of LCM in the pill results in higher rheology and can be difficult to properly displace up the annulus by the cement treatment due to inverse friction hierarchy between fluids. The solution being presented consists of using the cement slurry as the carrying fluid along with an inert engineered solid package. A fiber added on-the-fly improves the plugging efficiency of the engineered solid package and the ability to tailor the treatment design to the well conditions up until the treatment is pumped. The results are tangible, with the solution applied successfully in over 300 treatments for multiple operators in the Permian Basin. The Permian Basin is one of the most developed basins in the world with a complex lithology and layered, highly depleted reservoirs. The solution successful performance has been unprecedented in allowing operators to comply with local regulations, avoid remedial work, and extend the life of the completion across corrosive formations. Application of the engineered solid package with fiber is for loss circulation cases in highly depleted zones, permeable formations, and naturally fracture formations for other basins. The progress thus far has been encouraging with additional optimization of the engineered solid package with fiber application could potentially improve the performance further. The final result will be an improved fluid placement and understanding of the effect LCM has on the carrying fluid.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".