Winkler load-transfer analysis for laterally loaded piles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Winkler modulus for a vertical beam buried in elastic soil is reassessed for the problem of a horizontal loaded pile in the framework of linear elasticity. By matching the integral solution in elastic continuum and the expression with the elastic Winkler modulus, the subgrade modulus of an infinitely long pile embedded into elastic space is obtained first. Then the influence of embedment depth and pile rigidity on the subgrade modulus is evaluated by virtue of Mindlin’s and Kelvin’s solutions, which gives the variation of the Winkler spring stiffness along the pile length. Comparison of the results by the present method for single piles in homogeneous and nonhomogeneous soils has shown good agreement with those obtained from the more rigorous elastic continuum solutions and boundary element method, which also revealed the disadvantage of the conventional Winkler expression in evaluating the displacement of the pile. Finally, the present method is used to analyze the pile–soil–pile interaction of a pile group, which also shows good agreement with the finite element method and the elastic continuum method, and proves the feasibility of extending the active subgrade modulus into the realm of the horizontal loaded pile group.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".