Miniaturised active integrated antennas: a co‐design approach
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A co‐design methodology for antenna miniaturisation with an integrated radio frequency (RF) amplifier is proposed for power‐efficient and compact RF front‐ends. This approach relaxes the standalone antenna matching requirement which is of interest in miniaturised antenna design. The detailed design and measurement procedure is presented and the concept is demonstrated with two examples for both narrowband and wideband scenarios considering transmitting and receiving front‐ends. The amplifiers and the antennas are co‐designed so that optimum performance is achieved in terms of gain, noise figure and efficiency. The antenna has the size of 0.033λ 0 2 at 2.45 GHz. It is miniaturised from its natural resonance frequency of 3.5–2.45 GHz which provides 51% of size reduction. The minimum bandwidth of the integrated antenna is found to be 37 and 150 MHz, respectively, for the narrowband and wideband designs. The active integrated antenna (AIA) efficiency is more than 47% when operating in the band of 2.45–2.6 GHz. The gain and noise figure of the AIA systems are optimised along with the antenna performance and found to be >10 dB and <2 dB, respectively. Measurement results are presented which are in well agreement with the design procedure and simulations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".