Antigen-specific precursor frequencies influence requirement of CD4+ T cell help and CD40-40L costimulation in primary and secondary responses (132.8)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract CD4+ T cells play a decisive role in generation of effective CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity against diseases associated with minor H antigens, including cancer, auto-immunity and allogenic tissue transplantation. The increased precursor frequency in reducing the need of CD4+ T cell help and costimulations in CD8+ T cell primary responses have been demonstrated. However, its similar roles in memory CD8+ T cell responses have not been fully understood. In a non-infectious vaccine model, here we show that, at endogenous precursor levels, CD4+ T cell help, and CD40-40L costimulation are required for both primary and memory responses. At increased precursor frequency, although CD4+ T cell help, and CD40-40L costimulation are not obligatory in primary responses, their requirement is still necessary for functional memory responses. Despite increased precursor frequency is ensured during priming, the memory CD8+ T cells developed from increased precursor frequency in the absence of CD4+ T cell help, and CD40-40L costimulation fail to induce complete protection following tumor challenge. These results further support the previous observations that efficient memory CD8+ T cell responses require CD4+ T cell help and CD40-40L costimulation.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".