LPS‐induced TNFα production by macrophages is suppressed by a soluble product from the adult tapeworm, <i>Hymenolepis diminuta</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Helminth parasites actively regulate their hosts’ immune response. Thus parasite‐derived molecules have the potential to be used to skew or suppress immune responses in humans as a way to treat immunopathology and disease. Seeking to exploit this we hypothesized that a product from H. diminuta would suppress macrophage activation. The human THP‐1 macrophage cell line was treated with LPS ± a high molecular weight fraction (HMWf: >50kDa) of H. diminuta . The HMWf reduced macrophage activation as assessed by TNFα and IL‐6 production in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner. The ability of THP‐1 cells to phagocytose E. coli was unaffected by HMWf. RT‐PCR for the mannose receptor (up‐regulated on anti‐inflammatory macrophages) and Toll‐Like Receptor 4 (LPS receptor) mRNA revealed no differences between groups, indicating that the HMWf does not induce an alternatively activated macrophage or interfere with TLR4 expression. A HMWf from excretory/secretory (E/S) products from H. diminuta also reduced LPS‐induced TNFα production. The ability of the adult worm HMWf or the E/S products to block TNFα production by THP‐1 cells was insensitive to boiling or treatment with proteinase K. We conclude that a heat stable HMW product(s) from H. diminuta is a potent suppressor of macrophage activity, and that purification of this factor could serve as a template for drugs to block inflammatory disease. Funded by CCFC, CIHR & CAG.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".