LPS‐induced TNFα production by macrophages is suppressed by a soluble product from the adult tapeworm, <i>Hymenolepis diminuta</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Helminth parasites actively regulate their hosts’ immune response. Thus parasite‐derived molecules have the potential to be used to skew or suppress immune responses in humans as a way to treat immunopathology and disease. Seeking to exploit this we hypothesized that a product from H. diminuta would suppress macrophage activation. The human THP‐1 macrophage cell line was treated with LPS ± a high molecular weight fraction (HMWf: >50kDa) of H. diminuta . The HMWf reduced macrophage activation as assessed by TNFα and IL‐6 production in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner. The ability of THP‐1 cells to phagocytose E. coli was unaffected by HMWf. RT‐PCR for the mannose receptor (up‐regulated on anti‐inflammatory macrophages) and Toll‐Like Receptor 4 (LPS receptor) mRNA revealed no differences between groups, indicating that the HMWf does not induce an alternatively activated macrophage or interfere with TLR4 expression. A HMWf from excretory/secretory (E/S) products from H. diminuta also reduced LPS‐induced TNFα production. The ability of the adult worm HMWf or the E/S products to block TNFα production by THP‐1 cells was insensitive to boiling or treatment with proteinase K. We conclude that a heat stable HMW product(s) from H. diminuta is a potent suppressor of macrophage activity, and that purification of this factor could serve as a template for drugs to block inflammatory disease. Funded by CCFC, CIHR & CAG.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".