Removal of BSA and HA Contaminants from Aqueous Solution Using Amphiphilic Triblock Copolymer Modified Poly(ether imide) UF Membrane and Their Fouling Behaviors
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Amphiphilic triblock copolymer (Pluronic F127) was used as a macromolecular additive to modify the surface of poly(ether imide) (PEI) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes with additive contents from 0 to 3 wt % in the casting solution. The surface modification of the membranes was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and contact angle measurements. The membranes were also characterized by scanning electron microscopy, UF of proteins, and flux recovery. A membrane with the highest Pluronic (3 wt %) in PEI exhibited the highest pure water flux, highest water content, and lowest membrane hydraulic resistance. It exhibited high UF fluxes of 170 and 180 L m –2 h –1 at 345 kPa, for 1.0 g/L bovine serum albumin (BSA) in phosphate buffer solution and 1.0 g/L humic acid (HA) in deionized water feed solutions, with solute rejections of 84 and 82%, respectively. It also showed that the blended membranes with 3 wt % Pluronic content had a higher flux recovery ratio (92.4 and 89.4%), slightly higher reversible fouling (25.8 and 18.8%), and lower irreversible fouling (7.6 and 10.6%) after the UF of BSA and HA solute separation. This explained their low fouling behaviors compared to the neat PEI membranes.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it