Bibliographic record
Abstract
German and Italian electricity tariffs are the highest in Europe? A United Kingdom (UK) consumer pays roughly a quarter less than in Germany. A medium-sized industrial company in Germany, for instance, would pay 7.5 cents per kilowatt-hour, while a similar company in Great Britain would pay only 5.5 cents. The average costs in Germany for a private household are 18 cents per kilowatt-hour. According to the consumer protection organization Association of Energy Consumers (Bund der Energieverbraucher) each average household pays about 100 € per year too much for electricity. 5 At the moment, large energy suppliers are planning a price-increase of more than 5%. German politicians and industrialists are aware that the inflated prices are detrimental to economic development which is already suffering from an ongoing structural crisis. For this reason, Wolfgang Clement, German Minister of Economy and Labour, submitted a draft for an amendment to the Energy Industry Act (Energiewirtschajtsgesetz EnWG), which was passed by the Federal Cabinet on 28-7-04 and is now being processed for enactment in legislative procedure. The aim is the creation of a legal framework for
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.013 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.010 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".