Making it on the Outside: Towards an Integrated Control Theory for Understanding the Reintegration Process
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Reintegration has garnered greater attention in criminology, as many releasees from prisons are being recycled back into criminal justice systems around the world. Despite this trend, the reintegration literature to date has been mainly descriptive and few studies have paid attention to the theoretical dynamics and social context surrounding reintegration. To address this gap, we suggest that the prominent debate, mainly found in American criminology, on crime causation between Gottfredson and Hirschi's (1990) General Theory of Crime (GTC) and Sampson and Laub's (1993) and Laub and Sampson's (2003) Age-Graded Theory of Informal Social Control (AGTISC) be used to advance this largely atheoretical literature. After showing that research exploring the effects of self-control and informal social control on reintegration remains largely uncharted territory in criminological theory, we propose an integrated control theory, in addition to some methodological considerations, for better understanding reintegration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".