Effect of <i>trans</i> fatty acids from ruminants and industrial sources on plasma adhesion molecule concentrations in healthy men
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of ruminant trans fatty acids (rTFA) and industrial trans fatty acids (iTFA) on plasma adhesion molecule concentrations (VCAM, ICAM and E‐selectin) in healthy male subjects. Design In a double‐blind, randomized crossover controlled study, 38 healthy men were each fed 4 experimental isoenergetic diets lasting 4 weeks each. The 4 diets were : 1‐ iTFA (10.2 g/2500 kcal), 2‐ high rTFA (10.2 g/2500 kcal), 3‐ moderate rTFA (4.2 g/2500 kcal), and 4‐ control diet low in TFA from any source (2.2 g/2500 kcal). Results Plasma ICAM concentrations were reduced significantly after the moderate rTFA diet (3.9% reduction, p=0.042) and the iTFA diet (4% reduction, p=0.036) when compared to the control diet. No significant change in plasma concentrations of VCAM and E‐selectin were observed after any of the TFA diets compared to the control diet. Conclusions Data from this controlled feeding study suggest that 1) consumption of TFA from any source appear to have minimal impact on markers of endothelial dysfunction such as VCAM and E‐selectin, and 2‐ that high dietary intakes of TFA from industrial and ruminant sources may have different effects on plasma ICAM concentrations. The clinical implications of these findings have yet to be established. Funding: Dairy Farmers of Canada, Novalait Inc, NSERC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".