Complementary, Holistic, and Integrative Medicine: Butterbur
Bibliographic record
Abstract
1. Candace Sadler* 2. Leah Vanderjagt, MLIS* 3. Sunita Vohra, MD, MSc* 1. *Complementary and Alternative Research and Education (CARE) Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. On behalf of the American Academy of Pediatrics Provisional Section on Complementary, Holistic, and Integrative Medicine Petasites hybridus , a perennial shrub that grows in Europe, Asia, and North America, is commonly referred to as butterbur because the leaves of the plant have been used to wrap butter during warm seasons. (1)(2). Historically, butterbur has been used for a wide range of conditions, such as “urinary tract spasms,” back pain, asthma, and topical wound healing. (3)(4) Generally, bitter-tasting compounds extracted from the root of the butterbur plant, known as petasins, are the active ingredient. (4) Butterbur is a member of the Asteraceae/Compositae family and has been used medicinally for more than 2,000 years. (2) Recent research has evaluated butterbur to prevent asthma attacks, allergic rhinitis, and migraine headaches due to its anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic effects. (3)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13) Evidence for the use of butterbur in children is promising, although preliminary. Data are based primarily on open-label, cohort-controlled trials in adults and children and randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) in adults. ### Asthma A prospective nonrandomized, open trial evaluated the effects of butterbur treatment in adults (n=64) and children (n=16) ages 6 to 17 years who had mild-to-moderate asthma. (14) Over an 8-week period, adults received 50 g of butterbur extract three times daily; children received 50 to 150 mg per day, depending on age. All patients were permitted to continue all other asthma medications. By the end of the study, the number and duration of asthma attacks had decreased by 48% and 75% respectively; FEV1 improved by 70.6% and peak flow by 83.9%. After 16 weeks of follow-up, 42.9% of …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".