Characterization of VIP‐induced contractile inhibition in lymphatic vessels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels actively remove interstitial fluid through rhythmical, phasic contractions of the muscle layer in the vessel wall. This activity is critical during inflammation to prevent excessive edema. Importantly, lymphatic pumping is modulated by inflammatory mediators. In particular, it is inhibited by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a neuro‐ and immuno‐modulator with anti‐inflammatory properties, detected in lymphatic innervation and in immune cells patrolling the lymph. Using electrophysiology, pharmacology and molecular biology techniques we aimed at characterizing the mechanisms involved in the inhibitory effect of VIP in lymphatic vessels of the guinea pig mesentery. RT‐PCR analysis revealed expression of VPAC1, VPAC2 and PAC1 receptor mRNAs in lymphatics. VIP‐induced pumping inhibition was shown to be concentration‐dependent (EC 50 15 nM) and accompanied by a hyperpolarization (range 4‐15 mV, n=4‐22). The PAC1 antagonist PACAP(6‐38) most effectively blocked VIP‐induced responses (n=4). VIP‐induced responses were not affected by nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase inhibitions (n=4), but depend on protein kinase A and K ATP channel activation (n=4‐9). This inhibitory action of VIP needs to be considered during inflammation since high VIP concentrations in the vicinity of lymphatics may compromise lymph drainage Supported by the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of Canada
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".