Serial Changes in Pulmonary Hemodynamics During Pregnancy: A Non-Invasive Study Using Doppler Echocardiography
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to describe the pulmonary hemodynamic changes during the course of pregnancy and to observe any significant effects on symptomatology and outcome of pregnancy due to these changes. METHODS: A total of 75 patients were recruited for the study, 60 pregnant women from first trimester to third trimester and 6 weeks of puerperium for the study group and 15 non-pregnant patients. All the subjects were interrogated about their complaints like excessive cough, exertional dyspnea, palpitations, orthopnea, syncope, exertional chest pain and lower extremity edema along with their duration. Baseline investigations, echocardiography (ECG) and Doppler echo were done. RESULTS: The commonest symptoms were palpitations (40%), exertional dyspnea (35%) and lower extremity edema (47%). Palpitations and dyspnea were also present in control group. Right axis deviation was the next most common abnormality in study group (12.3% patients). Pulmonary blood flow was decreased by more than 50% of predelivery value at the end of puerperium. Fall in pulmonary vascular resistance returned to base line values. Increased pulmonary artery pressure was seen during the pregnancy, which was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: During pregnancy, though the pulmonary blood flow increases significantly, the pulmonary artery pressure remains unchanged due to substantial fall in pulmonary vascular resistance in early gestation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".