DataXFormer: Leveraging the Web for Semantic Transformations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Data transformation is a crucial step in data integration. While some transformations, such as liters to gallons, can be easily performed by applying a formula or a program on the input values, others, such as zip code to city, require sifting through a repository containing explicit value map-pings. There are already powerful systems that provide for-mulae and algorithms for transformations. However, the au-tomated identification of reference datasets to support value mapping remains largely unresolved. The Web is home to millions of tables with many containing explicit value map-pings. This is in addition to value mappings hidden be-hind Web forms. In this paper, we present DataXFormer, a transformation engine that leverages Web tables and Web forms to perform transformation tasks. In particular, we describe an inductive, filter-refine approach for identifying explicit transformations in a corpus of Web tables and an approach to dynamically retrieve and wrap Web forms. Ex-periments show that the combination of both resource types covers more than 80 % of transformation queries formulated by real-world users. 1.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.032 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.013 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".