The Development of a Curriculum for Renewable Energy: A Case Study of Charcoal Briquettes from Agricultural Residues for Environmental Literacy of Secondary School Students at Samaki Wittaya Municipality School
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This research aimed to (1) design a curriculum on Production of Charcoal Briquettes from Agricultural Residues, (2) implement the designed curriculum, and (3) study and compare the learning achievements of Matthayomsuksa 3 students at Samakee Wittaya Municipality School in terms of knowledge, learning skills, and participation in the production of charcoal briquettes from agricultural residues. The sample group consisting of 26 Matthayomsuksa 3 students was selected by the purposive sampling techniques. The research tools included a survey, interviews, a curriculum on charcoal briquette production, a knowledge test, a learning skill assessment questionnaire, and a participation assessment questionnaire. This research study was conducted in three phases. In phase 1, a survey and interviews were employed to gather initial data for curriculum development. A curriculum on charcoal briquette production was developed in phase 2 using the initial data gained from phase 1. The designed curriculum was implemented with the sample group in phase 3. The data were analyzed by mean and standard deviation, and the research hypotheses were tested by paired samples t-test and F-test (One-way MANCOVA and One-way ANCOVA). As assessed by the experts, the quality and content validity of the curriculum was at the average level ( = 0.80-1.00), and the suitability of the curriculum was at the high level ( = 3.60-4.40). Besides, it was found that after the implementation of the curriculum the students’ mean scores, both in each and all aspects, for knowledge, learning skills and participation in charcoal briquette production were higher than those before the implementation of the curriculum at the significance level of 0.05. The one-way MANCOVA results showed that students of different genders had different knowledge, learning skills and participation in charcoal briquette production, statistically significant at the level of 0.05. The univariate tests also revealed a significant difference in two dimensions of environmental knowledge of the students—knowledge on renewable energy and participation in renewable energy production, at the significance level of 0.09.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".