Analyse technico-économique d'un système hybride éolien-photovoltaïque en comparaison avec les systèmes photovoltaïque et éolien seuls
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Vu la grande superficie du territoire quebecois, de nombreuses habitations sont isolees ou a une distance importante du reseau electrique, donc les couts de raccordement au reseau sont gonfles et souvent, le raccordement est tout simplement impossible. Les systemes autonomes sont donc interessants pour alimenter en electricite les habitants de ces regions. L’utilisation de generatrices carburant aux energies fossiles est la solution actuelle. Les systemes seuls, eolien ou photovoltaique, necessitent beaucoup d’accumulateurs pour pallier a l’intermittence des gisements. Les systemes hybrides autonomes avec des panneaux solaires photovoltaiques et des eoliennes sont donc une solution potentielle limitant l’intermittence des ressources. L’analyse de diverses combinaisons de systemes est realisee en situation hors reseau et connectee au reseau. L’hypothese principale de ce travail est que si un systeme photovoltaique est joint a un systeme eolien hors reseau au Quebec, cela permet de diminuer les moments sans apport d’energie, donc on diminue les possibilites d’intermittence du systeme. Ainsi, la quantite d’accumulateurs necessaires peut etre diminuee. Cette diminution du nombre d’accumulateurs et de la taille des systemes installes se traduit en economies pour l’ensemble du systeme. L’objectif etait de comparer des systemes hybrides eoliens-photovoltaiques avec des systemes photovoltaique ou eolien seuls pour un site hors reseau au Quebec et par rapport a d'autres sites ailleurs dans le monde. Par une comparaison, la situation actuelle (diesel et connectee au reseau) a aussi ete etudiee. Dans un premier temps, les systemes seuls sont etudies. L’analyse des differentes combinaisons de systemes hybrides hors reseau et connectee au reseau est effectuee. L’originalite du projet provient dans l’addition d’un systeme photovoltaique a un systeme eolien dans un contexte quebecois et hors reseau. Globalement, les systemes seuls, eoliens ou photovoltaiques, sont une option moins viable que l’option des systemes combines utilisant ces deux energies. En general, pour le cas des systemes autonomes, il est economiquement rentable d’ajouter des eoliennes aux systemes avec generatrice diesel. Si les couts des equipements ou du diesel evoluent, l’ajout de panneaux solaires a ces systemes sera justifie. Quand les couts d’electricite auront legerement augmentes et que les couts de rachat de l’electricite par le reseau seront interessants, l’ajout de panneaux solaires, d’eoliennes et de generatrices diesel au systeme sera rentable pour le particulier dans le cas de systemes connectes au reseau. ---------- Given Quebec’s vastness, numerous homes are located in remote areas or considerably far away from the electric grid. Tying these homes to the grid is often very expensive or even impossible. Stand-alone systems are thus prime candidates to provide the energy requirements for the inhabitants of isolated locations. Currently, fossil fuel generators are the most widespread solutions. Wind- or photovoltaic-only systems require large amounts of batteries to compensate for the intermittence of resource availability. Stand-alone hybrid systems that combine both wind turbines and photovoltaic solar panels address this issue. Various combinations of both standalone and grid-connected systems are analysed. The premise of this work is that the addition of photovoltaic panels to a stand-alone wind-turbine system (in Quebec) will increase the system’s robustness to resource intermittence thereby reducing the number of required accumulators. This reduction coupled with the resulting reduction in overall system size would lead to monetary savings. The objective was to compare hybrid wind and photovoltaic systems with wind- and photovoltaic-only systems for a number of off-grid sites in Quebec and abroad. The results are compared with the current -- diesel and gridconnected – situation. This work’s contribution lies in the study of the coupling of photovoltaic systems with wind turbine systems in off-grid Quebec areas. Overall, wind- or photovoltaic-only systems are less viable that hybrid systems that use both technologies. For stand-alone systems, it is usually cost effective to add wind-turbines to diesel generator systems. If equipment or fuel costs were to increase, it would then become costeffective to also add solar panels. When the grid power price will have increased and sellback prices become worthwhile, adding solar panels, wind turbines and diesel generators to even gridtied systems will become cost-effective.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".