Biological Imaging and Sensing with Multiresponsive Microgels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Multiresponsive spiropyran-modified poly( N -isopropylacrylamide)-based microgels were synthesized and their response to temperature; UV, visible, and near-infrared radiation; pH; and Cu 2+ was investigated. The responses were a result of the spiropyran groups undergoing a reversible isomerization/reaction from a neutral to a charged form. The isomerization process was investigated via experiment and theory. The two-photon excited fluorescence of the spiropyran-modified microgels was also characterized, and their ability to be used to image live cells was determined. Finally, optical devices (etalons) were fabricated using the spiropyran-modified microgels, and the ability of the devices to change color in response to the above-mentioned stimuli was also investigated. We found that the microgel’s responsivity was retained in the etalon, which yielded color tunable devices and sensors. This investigation illustrates the versatility of pNIPAm-based microgels and microgel-based etalons and showcases the clear utility of such devices for remote actuation, color tunable optics, sensing, and remotely triggered drug delivery systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".