Compression of tire aggregates in leachate collection systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tire-derived aggregates (TDA) have previously been applied in leachate collection and drainage systems (LCDSs). However, these systems are subjected to large overburden pressures, which may compress a tire medium and change its properties, thereby affecting its performance. In this study, properties of three types of commercially-available TDA sourced from processors in Alberta, Canada were investigated under conditions expected in a landfill, along with the implications of these properties on hydraulic performance of LCDSs. A large test apparatus was used to compress the materials by up to 330 kPa. Samples tested were highly compressible, with strains of about 50% under 150–240 kPa loads (corresponding to landfill heights of 12–18·5 m under typical compaction). Vertical hydraulic conductivity decreased with compression, but remained above the Alberta threshold of 10 −4 m/s. No significant differences among media types were demonstrated. A criterion for determining the initial thickness of a drainage layer required to maintain a thickness of at least 300 mm over a landfill's lifetime. At least 600 mm of TDA would need to be placed to account for 50% compression.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".