The absent dialogue: Extradition and the international covenant on civil and political rights
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Extradition law is an amalgam of international and domestic law, with many states being obliged to extradite as a result of a treaty obligation that works in tandem with a state's domestic extradition law. But alongside this network of extradition treaties and statutes lies a network of human rights treaties to which many extraditing states have also given their consent to be bound. Although often unacknowledged in domestic extradition proceedings, these human rights treaties have long assumed a role in extradition at the international level, as demonstrated in this review of the extradition jurisprudence developed over the past thirty years under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. From this body of jurisprudence, it is clear that an extradition treaty is subject to the obligations of a human rights treaty much like an extradition statute is subject to a state's constitution, with the human rights treaty imposing a clear, but limited, obligation on all extraditing states to protect a fugitive offender from future ill-treatment in the receiving state. The question remains, however, as to why some domestic courts do not mention, nor engage with, this international case law.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.013 | 0.016 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.032 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.024 | 0.015 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.009 |
| Research integrity | 0.008 | 0.012 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".