The relationship between early maladaptive schemas and three dimensions of headache impact in Iranian outpatients with chronic migraine without aura
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Although many researches showed that there are several psychiatric comorbidities in people suffering from migraine headache, few studies investigated the relationship between deep psychopathological structures and headache variables. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and three dimensions of headache impact, pain intensity, disability and affective distress among Iranian outpatient females suffering from chronic migraine without aura. Methods: 136 consecutive outpatients suffering from a chronic migraine without aura were recruited from 553 consecutive outpatients complaining of a persistent headache and/or referred to a specialized headache clinic in Baqiyatallah Hospital. All participants completed two questionnaires regarding Schema Questionnaire–Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire–Short Form, Migraine Disability Assessment Scale, and the the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait subscale. Finally, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients and multiple regression analyses were calculated to investigate relationships between the research variables. Results: The data analyses indicated that a significant amount of the variance of pain intensity was explained by self-sacrifice, emotional inhibition, and unrelenting standards/hypercriticalness. Also, self-sacrifice and unrelenting standards/hypercriticalness explained a significant amount of the variance of disability. Further, a significant amount of variance of affective distress explained by emotional inhibition and unrelenting standards/hypercriticalness. Discussion: The findings emphasize on the predictive role of this early maladaptive schemas, especially early maladaptive schemas of the domain of overvigilance/inhibition. Also, this study implicitly suggests that schema therapy can be an appropriate remedy for reducing headache impact dimensions, at least, in Iranian female outpatients suffering from migraine without aura .
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".