Binder-free TiO2/Carbon Cloth Composite Anode for Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lithium-Ion Capacitors are a new type of hybrid capacitor that combines both supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries into one device. It has a promising future as the next-generation electrochemical energy storage device for use in applications that require both high energy and power densities such as electric and hybrid electric vehicles. Current commercial lithium-ion capacitors are made up of activated carbon cathodes and graphite anodes. The cathode displays supercapacitative behaviour while the anode is an insertion-type anode commonly used in lithium-ion batteries. Despite being commercialized, many improvements can be made to lithium-ion capacitors especially for the anode such as increasing the power and energy densities. \n \nAnatase TiO2 has been shown to have excellent performance and a promising candidate to replace graphite as the anode in lithium-ion capacitors. Herein, nanosized TiO2 has been studied as a binder-free active material as an alternative anode material for lithium ion capacitors. These TiO2 nanocrystals have crystal sizes smaller than 10 nm and can be dissolved directly into organic solvents, removing the need for any binders or additional materials to improve dispersion on the substrate. The nanocrystals are drop casted onto carbon fiber cloth, forming a composite electrode that is binder-free and flexible. electrode was shown to have a reversible capacity of 315 mAh/g and 410 mAh/g at a current density of 100 mA/g and 34 mA/g respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".