Dynamics of Double-Pyramid Satellite Formations Interconnected by Tethers and Coulomb Forces
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The tethered formation and the coulomb formation are two important concepts in constructing satellite formation architecture, and they have the advantage that the relative motion between satellites can be maintained quite accurately with minimal active control. In this study, a formation termed the “coulomb tether double-pyramid” is proposed to combine the best features of the tethered formation and the coulomb formation. Chief and deputy satellites are charged bodies and located in the Earth-facing plane normal to the geostationary orbit, with the chief at the center. Each deputy is connected with two anchor satellites via a massless, straight tether, such that the Earth-facing plane can be maintained by using gravity-gradient torques. First, the equations of motion are obtained via Lagrange equations. Then, the charges and tether extensions necessary to support a Hill-frame stationary formation are analytically determined. Finally, open-loop charge control strategies are designed to maintain the spinning formation or carry out reconfiguration. The proposed coulomb tether double-pyramid formation has great potential to enhance the surveillance and imaging of Earth objects in future missions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".