Improvement of Arctic Ships in the Light of Recent Technological Development
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The efficiency of ice navigation is of great importance to societies in the Northern area; the Great Lakes, Canada and Alaska as well as the Baltic, Russian, Arctic, the Caspian Sea, Sea of Okhotsk and the Bohai Bay in China. Along the industrial progress, all of these areas have seen their own efforts for the creation of better ships for winter operations. After finding better solutions for the Great Lakes and the Northern European waters focus gradually over years changed into the Arctic areas. Arctic developments have been of cyclic importance in many parts of the world; Russia, Northern Europe and Canada, but the activities have been rather isolated. The recent international political progress has opened new opportunities and the establishing of the Arctic Council provides for a new forum also for more integrated developments in marine transports and technology developments. Finland has this year taken over the chairmanship of the Arctic Council. The Finnish chair intends to bring questions of improved, more economic and sustainable Arctic transportation on the Council's agenda. The authors paper is an overview of the technological developments and especially an assessment on the potential of the technological achievements as well as review of the cross-relationships of the North-American and European developments in the Arctic marine technology and naval architecture. In spite of the rather quiet Arctic market in recent years, especially the Finnish industry has been able to make significant steps in regard to new icebreaker propulsion devices, reduced ice resistance and innovative economical vessel concepts.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".